Ethereum waa mid ka mid ah blockchain-yada ugu weyn adduunka, isla markaana ah kan labaad ee ugu qiimaha badan ka dib Bitcoin. Tan iyo markii la aas-aasay 2015, Ethereum waxa uu noqday meel lagu dhiso boqolaal kun oo mashaariic Crypto ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ku saleysan DeFi (Decentralized Finance), Stable-coins, Utility Tokens, NFTs iyo smart contracts. Si uu ula jaanqaado baahida sii kordheysa, Ethereum waxa uu mar walba ku guda jiraa horumarin joogto ah oo Blockchai-tiisa.
Ka dib guushii The Merge (2022), taasoo Blockchain-ta ka guurisay habka Proof of Work (PoW) una badashay Proof of Stake (PoS), iyo ka dib cusboonaysiintii kale ee Shanghai (Shapella) Update (2023), Ethereum hadda waxa uu qorsheenayaa Pectra Update.
Waa maxay Pectra Update?
Pectra Update waa mid ka mid ah horumarrada ugu waaweyn ee Ethereum la filayo inuu soo kordhiyo. Waa Isku darka Prague (Execution Layer Update) iyo Electra (Consensus Layer Update) kuwaasoo is badelo cusub keenaya si wax lagu baddelo sida shabakada loo isticmaalo, staking loo sameeyo, iyo sida shabakadda Ethereum ay u horumariso scalability iyo amnigeeda.
Labadan horumar ayaa si wadajir ah la isku dhahay “Pectra”. waxa uu qorshuhu yahayu in isbadel wayn lagu sameeyo labada lakab ee ugu muhiimsan ee Ethereum kuwaasoo kala ah:
- Execution Layer (EL): waa halka smart contracts iyo dApp-yada ay ku shaqeeyaan.
- Consensus Layer (CL): waa qaybta mas’uulka ka ah xaqiijinta iyo ilaalinta nidaamka PoS ee Ethereum hadda uu ku shaqeeyo.
Horumarkaan cusub ee Pectra, Maxuu ku soo kordhin doonaa Blockchain-ta Ethereum?
Cusboonaysiinta Pectra waxa ay keeni doontaa isbeddelo badan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo saameyn doona maalgashiyadaasha ($Ether), isticmaalayaasha Blockchainta- Ethereum , horumariyeyaasha, iyo validators.
Waxaa ka mid ah:
a) Account Abstraction (AA)
- Multi-signature Accounts (labo qof iyo wax ka badan ayaa wada lahaan karo hal account. Tusaale MetaMask wallet oo leh saxiix-yo badan marka lacag laga diraayo).
- Recovery (dib u soo ceshid haddii aad lumiso private key).
b) PeerDAS (Data Availability Sampling)
- Waa horumar loo diyaarinayo Danksharding, taas oo qeyb ka ah qorshaha weyn ee Ethereum ee lagu kordhinayo scalability (marka xawilaad la sameynaayo).
- PeerDAS waxa ay fududaynaysaa in xogta loo qaybiyo si ballaaran loona yareeyo culayska ku jira nodes-ka.
c) EIP-7002 (Withdrawals Control)
Waxay ka dhigaysaa in validators in ay si toos ah u xaddidi karaan sida ETH-ka la xareeyay (staked ETH) loo kala bixiyo, Tani waxay kordhinaysaa amniga iyo kalsoonida nidaamka staking.
d) EIP-7251 (Max Validators Stake)
- Hadda validator kasta waxa uu ku xaddidan yahay inuu stake-gareeyo ugu badnaan 32 ETH.
- Pectra waxa uu kordhinayaa xadkaas si validators waaweyn ay qayb ugu noqon karaan shabakada iyagoo ETH ka badan 32 validate ku samay kara.
Maxay tahay Sababta Ethereum uu u sameynaayo Pectra Update?
Ethereum waxa uu wajahaa caqabado waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Scalability: isticmaalka sare iyo baahida weyn taasoo sababta in mararka qaar gas fees ay aad qaali u noqdaan.
- Amniga iyo maareynta: isticmaalayaasha badanaa waxay lumiyaan furaha sirta (private keys), taasoo keenaysa khasaaro.
- Caqabadda Staking: ma awoodaan dadka inay si fudud u sameyaan staking Blockchain-ta Etherum sababta oo ah xadka 32 ETH, oo aad qaali u ah.
- Xaqiijinta xogta (Data Availability): marka shabakadda ay sii kororto, kaydinta iyo gudbinta xogta ayaa noqota culays weyn.
Pectra Update waxa uu isku dayayaa inuu xalliyo dhammaan caqabadahan si Ethereum uu u sii ahaado blockchain-ka hogaamiya Cryptocurrency.
Pectra ma ahan dhamaadka horumarinta Etehereum Blockchain, balse waa qayb ka mid ah qorshaha weyn ee Ethereum Roadmap.
Qorshahaas waxaa ka mid ah:
- The Merge oo horey u dhacay, waxuna ahaa is-badelki ugu waynaa ee Ethreum Blockchain kasoo lagu badelay hanaanka Pof-of-Stake (PoS).
- The Surge – oo dhacay 2024 waxuuna xoogga saaraya scalability (fududaynta shabakada iyo yaraynta gas-fee).
- The Scourge – oo ahaa hormarkii ugu horeeyay waana hadafka Ethereum Blockchain la dagaallanka centralization.
- The Verge – horumarinta data structures sida Verkle Trees.
- The Purge – nadiifinta xogta aan muhiimka ahayn iyo fududeynta shabakadda, si lagu dhisi karo mashaariic badan.
- Danksharding – yoolka mustaqbalka fog ee Ethereum, Ujeedka waa in Ethereum Blockchain uu awood u yeesho inuu aqbalo 100,000+ TPS (transactions per second) iyo Qaybinta xogta (data sharding) si loo bixiyo xawaare iyo qiimo hoose
Pectra waxa uu si gaar ah qeyb uga yahay The Surge iyo The Scourge, isagoo dhisaya saldhig adag oo lagu sii hormarinaayo shabkada Ethereum.
Halkaan ka baro Coursada Cryptocurrency
